Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are/have/utilizing a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their high removal efficiency and compact design. PVDF hollow fiber membranes serve as/function as/act as the key separation element in MBRs, facilitating the separation/filtration/removal of suspended solids and microorganisms from wastewater. The

Nanobubbles, tiny gas bubbles at the nanoscale, are emerging as a promising technology in the quest for enhanced food hygiene. Their unique properties, such as high surface area and long-lasting stability, enable them to efficiently interact with microorganisms and contaminants on food surfaces. Research have shown that nanobubbles can inhibit a w